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Railroad building began in the European and Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire just after the Crimean War. In the construction and initial operation of Ottoman railroads foreign capital and work force played a central role. The first two lines, which were constructed, connected Izmir with Aydin and Izmir with Kasaba. The introduction of the railway brought significant changes, both in transportation and in the economy of the region. |
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Raisin Production, Kato Panagia |
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Reactions of the Orthodox church to protestant and roman catholic missions |
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Rebellion of Andronikos and Isaac Nestongos, 1225 |
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The brothers Andronikos and Isaac Nestongos, first cousins of the second emperor of Nicaea, John III Doukas Vatatzes, staged a rebellion in 1225 to overthrow him. While in Lampsakos, the emperor ordered his troops to march to Achyraous and managed to arrest the rebels. The instigator of the rebellion, Andronikos Nestongos, was treated particularly mildly by the emperor. |
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Rebellion of Artabasdos, 741-43 |
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A rebellion of the komes of Opsikion Artavasdos/Artabazos against Emperor Constantine V Kopronymos, which was met with a short-lived success. It broke out at Dorylaeum in the summer of 741 and in June 27 of the same year Artabasdos was proclaimed emperor of the Romans. Constantine V’s entry into Constantinople in November 2, 743 marked the definitive suppression of the civil conflict between the various imperial forces that supported the two opponents. |
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Rebellion of Bardanes Tourkos, 803 |
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On July 19, 803 the themes of Thracesion, Opsikion and Boukellarion rebelled against Emperor Nikephoros I and proclaimed Bardanes emperor. Bardanes, the so-called ‘Turk’, was then the general of the theme of Anatolikon. The rebellion was suppressed on September 8, 803 and Bardanes was tonsured a monk; in December of the same year he was blinded. |
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Rebellion of Bardas Phokas, 969-970 |
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Early in the fall of 970 Bardas Phokas, the doukas of Chaldia and Koloneia, nephew of the murdered Emperor Nikephoros II, rebelled against the Emperor John I Tzimiskes. The rebellion broke out at Caesarea of Cappadocia, lasted approximately three months and ended late in the fall of 970 with the arrest of Phokas by the domestikos ton scholon tes Anatoles Bardas Skleros. |
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Rebellion of Bardas Phokas, 987-89 |
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On August 15, 987 the domestikos ton scholon of the East Bardas Phokas rebelled against Emperor Basil II. The rebellion broke out in the theme of Charsianon at Cappadocia, and spread throughout the entire Asia Minor, coming to an end on April 13, 989 with the defeat and death of the rebel by the imperial forces at Abydus. |
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Rebellion of Bardas Skleros, 976 - 979 |
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The rebellion of the doukas of Mesopotamia Bardas Skleros against Emperor Basil II took place in the area of Harput, in the theme of Mesopotamia, lasted three years and spilled over to the majority of the lands of Asia Minor. It begun late in spring of 976 and was finally suppressed on March 24, 979. |
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