The ‘Rempelio of Smyrna’ or ‘Rempelio of the Janissaries’ or ‘Great Rempelio’ was one of the most violent events that happened during the co-existence of the different ethnic-religious groups of Smyrna in the 18th century. The murder of a janissary by a Christian on 4 March 1797 led to the savage looting of the ‘Frangomachalas’ (Frenk mahalasi), the quarter of the European merchants, and the massacre of thousands of Orthodox Christians by groups of janissaries.

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Immediately after Attalus III of Pergamon died and his kingdom was bequeathed to Rome, Aristonicus, possibly an illegitimate son of King Eumenes II, was proclaimed King of Pergamon and adopted the dynastic name Eumenes. The Revolt of Aristonicus against Rome lasted from 133 until 129 BC and involved most of the cities of Asia Minor. It resulted in the defeat of Aristonicus and was considered to have a national or social character.

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In 356 BC, the satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, Artabazus, revolted against the new king, Artaxerxes III, and his attempt to impose stricter control over the coastal satrapies. Artabazus asked for and received the services of Chares, an Athenian general who dispatched his army to Asia Minor. Artaxerxes reacted to Chares’ successes and demanded that Athens should recall Chares. The Athenians complied and Artabazus turned to Thebes, securing the services of an expeditionary force under Pammenes....

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The discord within the trapezuntine aristocracy, smouldering from after the death of Manuel II Grand Komnenos, broke out during the reign of Eirene Palaiologina (1340-1341). In 1340 the Scholarios family, who represented the court nobility, supported by other families of Trebizond, turned against the empress and her supporters, the Amytzantarios family. The revolt ended in July of the same year with the defeat of the revolters and the dominance of the imperial forces.

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