Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
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Ayvalık (Cydoniae)

Συγγραφή : Karachristos Ioannis (10/3/2003)
Μετάφραση : Sioris Georgios

Για παραπομπή: Karachristos Ioannis, "Ayvalık (Cydoniae)",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=7101>

Αϊβαλί (Κυδωνίες) (13/3/2006 v.1) Ayvalık (Cydoniae) (25/6/2010 v.1) 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ

 

ağa
A title given to military officials of high rank in the Ottoman Empire. From the 17th - and particularly the 18th- century the title bore also powerful Muslims who did not have any immediate military capacity.

board of schools
The board of schools (ephoreia) consisted of members either elected by the community or nominated by a commission. They were authorized to supervise the proper functioning of the educational institutions.

Club ''Arion''
A music association in Aivali (Kydonies). It was founded in 1895 along with the club ''Orpheus'' and contributed to the musical development of the community by inviting instructors from Athens for the lessons on European music. Its founders were P.A. Demetrakellis, Kranidiotis and Charitos.

Club ''Orpheus''
A music association in Aivali (Kydonies). It was founded in 1895 with the club ''Arion''. It contributed to the musical development of the community and the spread of the European music.

dimogerontia
Communal authority consisting of the elected community officials, known as archontes (potentates), proestoi (notables), epitropoi (wardens), dimogerontes or simply gerontes (elders).

firman
In the Ottoman Empire, an imperial edict or commission signed and sealed by the Sultan.

kadi
Office that combinbed judicial, notarial and administrative duties. The kadi, who held court at the kaza's seat, registered all legal acts and documents in the court's codices (sicil). The kadi passed judgement based on the saria (the holy law of Islam), taking also into consideration the kanun (sultanic law) and the customary law (örf). Resort to his court had all the subjects of the Empire. The kadi had also administrative duties, which he performed in collaboration with the officials of the kaza., and he had to supervise tax collection.

kaymakam
An Ottoman official, governor of the administrative unit that succeeded the kaza in the late Ottoman period.

kaymakamlık
Ottoman administrative unit that replaced the kaza during the late Ottoman Period, after the administrative reforms of 1864.

Megali Idea
The term “Megali Idea” first appeared on the 14th of January 1844 with the speech of Ioannis Kolettis. From then it constituted the motivating ideological reference of the newly founded state, setting the concept of the modern Greek identity on a new basis. The content of the “Megali Idea”, which could be summarized by the phrase “national completion” had to do with the expansion of the Greek state in lands of the Ottoman Empire, where Greeks lived, and to the elevation of Greece as the moat important political power of the wider area.

monitorial system
Teaching method developed by Joseph Lancaster, under which the older students (in Greek: “protoscholoi”) taught the smaller children some skill or activity.

müfti
A specialist on the interpretation of the Islamic sacred law. He comments on matters of religious law by issuing fetvahs.

mutasarrıflık
A medium-sized Ottoman administrative unit that replaced the sancak during the Late Ottoman Period, after the administrative reforms of 1864.

sancak (liva)
Medium sized unit of provincial administration of the Ottoman state, throughout its history. A subdivision of the early Ottoman eyalet (or beylerbeylik) and the later Ottoman vilayet. In the late Ottoman Period it was known also as mutasarrıflık.

tanzimat
The 19th-century reforms in the Ottoman Empire, which were inaugurated in 1839 with the edict of Hatt-i Şerif and came to an end with the Constitution of 1876. The reforms, which were considered an effort for the modernization and liberalization of the state, concerned every aspect of the political, social and economic life in the Empire. Of particular importance were the ones that equated legally Muslim and non-Muslim subjects.

vilayet (valilik)
The larger administrative unit in the Ottoman provincial administration system. The large provinces of the Ottoman Empire were previously called eyalet. The new regulation of 1864 introduced the vilayet as an equivalent of the French départment - albeit of smaller size. The governor of the vilayet was called vali and had extensive authority.

voyvoda
State official of the Ottoman Empire, governor of an administrative area.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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