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enkyklios education
The secondary education in Byzantium. The students, from 12 years old, were taught grammar, rhetorics and eloquence.
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grammaticus
A teacher of medium and higher education in Byzantium. In the Middle and Late Byzantine periods it also denoted an administrative official, usually a secretary. In the 15th century, according to pseudo-Kodinos, the secretary was synonymous to the notarios.
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grand logariastes
A higher imperial official. the office was introduced by Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118). The grand logariastes functioned as primary co-ordinator and controller of all fiscal services.
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hiera grammata
(lit. holy writings, i.e. the Scripture) The term denotes the elementery education in Byzantium. Pupils began in the age of six years old and were taught reading from the Scriptures and basic math operations by a private tutor.
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logothetes
A title designating high-rank officials, both administrative and ecclesiastical. Their responsibilities were mainly in the economic domain. The office of the logothetes of the Patriarchate gradually gained in importance after the 12th century. As for the logothetes of the metropolises, they seem to have assumed judicial jurisdiction.
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megas logothetes
The head of the civil Byzantine administration. Megas logothetes was a title used at the end of the 12th century during the reign of Isaac II Angelos (1185-1195), replacing the “logothetes ton sekreton”, an office which was created during the reign of Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118) to bring the entire civil administration under the control of a single individual.
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praetor
Political and juridical magistrate of the Roman Republic and the late Roman Empire. The title was originally borne by two magistrates who were chosen annually to serve as eponymous heads of the state, but the number of praetors increased within the years. The title was retained with intervals in the Early Byzantine Period. The office appeared again in the mid-9th cent. and denoted the governor of an administration unit of the empire. Hierarchically, the praetor was inferior to the strategos of the theme.
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