Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
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Battle of Poimanenon, 1224

Συγγραφή : Rakova Snezhana (13/6/2002)

Για παραπομπή: Rakova Snezhana, "Battle of Poimanenon, 1224", 2002,
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=5258>

Battle of Poimanenon, 1224 (15/2/2006 v.1) Μάχη του Ποιμανηνού, 1224 (15/10/2006 v.1) 
 

1. Historical Setting

The Battle of Poemaninon is covered by two Byzantine historians: George Akropolites and Nikephoros Gregoras. The reasons for the clash may be traced both in personal conflicts in the Empire of Nicaea following the death of its first ruler, Theodore I Laskaris (1204-1222), and in the continuing hostility between Nicaea and the Latin Empire in Constantinople.

Theodore I Laskaris, the first ruler of the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea after the collapse of Byzantium following the Fourth Crusade of 1204, died in 1222. His son in law John III Ducas Vatatzes (1222-1254) succeeded him, causing his two brothers to feel sidestepped. Alexios and Isaac fled to the Franks. The border between Nicaea and the Latin Empire of Constantinople ran through North-Western Asia Minor to the town of Adramyttion, and were settled by a peace treaty in 1214, contracted in Nymphaion after the last war between the two states.1 F. Uspenskiy defines this territory as an autonomous area ruled by Greek Archontes in Moesia and Trooada, regulated by the Emperor Heinrich.2

2. The Battle

Poemaninon is a small fortified town south of the sea of Marmara (probably today's Eski Manyas).3 The same site had witnessed another battle in December 1204, again between Nicaean and Latin armies. Victory had then been secured by the knights of Constantinople, who conquered the hinterland as far as the city of Prousa.

The two Laskaris appeared with a Frankish squad at the temple of the Archangel Michael beneath Poemaninon. Byzantine authors do not mention who led the Latin army. The Laskaris brothers Isaac and Alexios were taken prisoner by their nephew in law and blinded. Many soldiers were put to the sword, the rest yielding to horror. John III Ducas Vatatzes personally led his army. Indeed, Acropolite's description stresses John's image, the latter being said to have won the battle through personal valour. Brandishing his spear, John III threw himself at the enemy just as a great part of the Romaic army had been slaughtered.4

3. Consequences

This victory of the new ruler of Nicaea John III Ducas Vatatzes in the Battle of Poemaninon put an end to Latin rule over former Greek lands in Asia Minor. This Latin defeat also presaged failure in the concurrent conflict between the Latin Empire and the Epirus in Europe. The siege of Seres was lifted, and in the same 1224 the Despot of Epirus Theodore Comnenos (1215-1230) succeeded in taking Salonica.5

After the victory, John III Ducas Vatatzes continued his offensive, reinstating Romaic authority over fortress after fortress formerly taken by the Latins. George Akropolites mentions Lentiana (Λεντιανά), Charioros (Χαρίορος) and Berbeniakon (Βαρβενίακον). On reaching the Hellespontos, John III went on to attack European lands under the Latin Empire.6

1. Dölger, F. Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des Oströmischen Reiches, 3, (München-Berlin 1932), Nr. 1684.

2. Uspenskij F.I., Istorija Vizantijskoj imperii 3, Moskva 1948 reprinted 1997), p. 554.

3. Kazhdan, A. - Foss C. - Brand C., “Poimaninon”, in The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 3, (Oxford - New York 1991), p. 1690-91.

4. Georgii Acropolitae Opera, ed. A. Heisenberg, I (Leipzig 1903), p. 35.

5. Lognon, J., “La reprise de Salonique par les Grecs en 1224”. Actes du VI Congres International d’Etudes Byzantines I (1950), p. 141 sq.

6. Georgii Acropolitae Opera, ed. A. Heisenberg, I (Leipzig 1903), p. 36.

     
 
 
 
 
 

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