1. See Ahrweiler, H., “L’histoire et la géographie de la région de Smyrne entre les deux occupations turques, particulierment au XIIIe siècle”, Travaux et Mémoires 1 (1965), p. 176 [reprinted Ahrweiler, H., Byzance: les pays et les territoires (Variorum Reprints, London 1976), no. IV]. 2. See Fassoulakis, St., The Byzantine Family of Raoul-Ral(l)e (Athens 1973), p. 16. 3. That campaign, although early interrupted due to the Mongol invasion of Asia Minor, was very important. The sovereign of Thessaloniki laid down his imperial insignia and recognised the title of the emperor of Nicaea, who accorded him the title of despot in reward. See Ostrogorsky, G., Geschichte des Byzantinischen Staates (München 1963; trans. Παναγόπουλος, Ιω., ed. Χρυσός, Ευ., Ιστορία του Βυζαντινού κράτους 3, Athens 1997, p. 126). 4. Α. Chatzes (A. Χατζής) suggests that it was in the same period that Alexios Raoul was deposed and his children were imprisoned. See Χατζής, Α. Χ., Οι Ραούλ, Ραλ, Ράλαι, 1080-1800: ιστορική μονογραφία (Kirchhain, Max Schmersow 1909), p. 15; on the contrary, the editors of Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit support that Raoul's sons were imprisoned in 1258. See Trapp, E. - Beyer, H. - Leontiades, I., s.v. Ραούλ Ιωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας Άγγελος Πετραλείφας in Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit 10 (Wien 1990), pp. 105-106, no. 24125. Τhe same is claimed by D. Polemis (Δ. Πολέμης); see Polemis, D., The Doukai: a contribution to byzantine prosopography (London 1968), p. 173. 5. On the policy of Emperor Theodore II Laskaris to give the daughters of the nobility in marriage with offsprings of non-aristocratic families, see Angold, M., A Byzantine Government in Exile. Government and Society Under the Lascarids of Nicaea (1204-1261) (Oxford 1974), pp. 77-79. |