Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία

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Nicomedia (Byzantium)

Συγγραφή : IBR , Giourgali H. (28/9/2003)
Μετάφραση : Chrysanthopoulos Dimitrios

Για παραπομπή: IBR , Giourgali H., "Nicomedia (Byzantium)",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=8688>
Νικομήδεια (Βυζάντιο) (9/11/2011 v.1) Nicomedia (Byzantium) (10/11/2011 v.1) 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ
 

caesar
In the Roman Empire the title of Caesar was given to the Emperor. From the reign of Diocletian (284-305) on this title was conferred on the young co-emperor. This was also the highest title on the hierarchy of the Byzantine court. In the 8th c. the title of Caesar was usually given to the successor of the throne. In the late 11th c. this office was downgraded and from the 14th c. on it was mainly conferred on foreign princes.

chrysobull
(gold seal) Imperial document of the Byzantine state which was so named because it bore the gold seal of the emperor.

dromon
dromon (“runner”) - first attested in the 5th – 6th C. as an oar-powered vessel with sails for auxiliary use. Although the dromon was a continuation of the Roman shipbuilding tradition, it reached such an advanced stage of development as to constitute a purely Byzantine type. In the sixth century according to Procopius, the term dromon referred to a single specific type of decked warship powered by one bank of rowers, but later sources from 9th and 10th C. indicate for dromons which had two or even three banks of rowers (these were the so called “bireme” and “trireme”). The offensive weapons of each dromon included a ram fixed to the prow and a siphon from which Greek fire was sprayed

emporion, the
Places where trade was conducted, usually small settlements of urban character on the borders or along the coasts and the commercial routes. With the same term are characterized the trade districts, the markets outside the walls of a city and/or settlements being themselves trade centers.

kommerkiarios (commerciarius)
An official of the fiscal service in charge of the levying of the tax called commercion (δεκάτη<, 10%), that was imposed over the portage and the selling of articles. The jurisdinction of each commerciarius was exersised either over specific urban centers with vivid commercial activity or over particular widespread territories of the empire. Since the official had been appointed by the emperor himself he used to be called "royal commerciarius". In the Late Byzantine era the commerciarius acted also as an individual entrepreneur who used to merchandise silk for his own interest.

megas hetaireiarches
Ηead of the Hetaireia, a military officer (10th-11thC), in charge of the security of the imperial palace.

monostrategos
A term used in Byzantine sources to denote a theme's general when the latter, apart from leading his own troops, also took command of neighbouring themes, either to better organise defence in a broad front or to conduct offensive operations under a unified command.

Partitio Romaniae
The document of the treaty signed by the Latins of the IV Crusade (twelve Venetians and twelve Francs) between the 12th april and the 9th may of the year 1204. According to the text the Latin Empire of Constantinople was founded and the territories of the Byzantine Empire were divided among the Venetians and the Francs.

pater civitatis
(lat., mean. the Father of the City). An office dating to the Late Antiqity and Early Byzantine years. It was an office of local civil administration and designates a magistrate whose responsibility was the restoration and maintenance of the city.

proasteion / proastion
Estate located at a distance from any city or village and inhabited only by the dependant peasants and not by the actual landowner.

scholae palatinae
Scholae palatinae were created by Diocletian (284-305). They were corps of the imperial guard, and to be more precise they formed the personal army of the emperor. They served under the magistri officiorum and later on under the Domesticos ton Scholon. Seven regiments were stationed in the East and five in the West. Justinian I (527-565) introduced four more short-lived regiments.

spatharios
Early Byzantine period: Office as well as honorary title. In Early Byzantine period spatharioi were called the guards of the Emperor or other high functionaries. From the years of Theodosios II onwards, the imperial spatharioi belonged to the corps of cubicularii and they were eunuchs. Middle Byzantine period: A honorary title, probably from early 8th c. In the 9th c. it gradually lost its status; in the 11th c., it is rarely to be found in the sources, while in the 12th it is used to denote lesser personnages. As an actual functionary, spatharios had an active role in administration as well as in the affairs of the court. As an honorary title, it was conferred to courtiers, members of the administration and military dignitaries, members of notable lineages and even clerics.

Synekdemos of Hierokles
A geographical text book composed a little before 535 by Hierokles the Grammarian. It constitutes a list of 64 provinces and 923 (originally 935) cities of the Empire, being the most important source for the administrative and political geography of the Byzantine Empire prior to the Arab raids. It is assumed to have been based on state documents, and presents the political, administrative, and, to an extent, the ecclesiastical geography from mid-5th c. However, it contains additions from the age of Justinian I, while some of its evidence is still under discussion. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos used it as a major source, along with Stephen of Byzantium, for the composition of the work “De thematibus”. This most important work of Hierokles was published by G. Parthey (Hieroclis Synecdemus, Berlin, 1866), and A. Burckhardt (Hieroclis Synecdemus, Leipzig, 1893). The last and most authoritative edition is E. Honigmann (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d'Hiéroklès et l'opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Brussels 1939).

Tabula Peutingeriana
A medieval copy of a 4th-5th C. itinerarium, featuring the most important cities and routes of the Byzantine Empire (including the western part and North Africa), Middle East and India. Its name derives from the German humanist Konrad Peutinger, who owned the manuscript of the map in the 16th C.

tribunus stabuli
In the Early Byzantine period, the tribubnus stabuli high-ranking military official of the scholae palatinae, commander of the equestrians and responsible for the supply of the court (and the imperial cavalry in general) with horses.

xenodochos (hotelier)
In the Byzantine Empire, the hotelier was a functionary of the admonistration, head of the hospice. As an ecclesiastical official, he was responsible for a monastic or an ecclesiastic hospice. The first cleric to be appointed as hotelier was Ephrem the Syrian in Edessa, in the 4th C. Hoteliers usually held their posts for one year.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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