Anonymous, "Almanac of Trebizond", 1336 |
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The Almanac of Trebizond is an astronomical-astrological text presenting the position of the planets, the Sun and the Moon between May 1336 and March 1337 as well as the respective astrological predictions. It is a text combining the Ptolemaic with the Persian astronomical tradition, while the predictions are of particular interest, providing a picture of the social stratification in Trebizond. |
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Astronomy-Astrology in Trebizond |
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In the heyday of the small independent state known as the Empire of Trebizond, between the 13th and the 15th century, the interest in astronomy was increased in Trebizond. The relations of the city with both the East and the West resulted in the development of an astronomical school with strong Persian influences, which influenced the scientific thought in both the Byzantine Empire and the West. |
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Development of Sciences in the Empire of Nicaea |
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The Empire of Nicaea, established in 1204 after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders, tried to fill in the gap for the Byzantine Empire in all fields. Education and sciences were given particular consideration. Eminent scholars of the 13th century were associated to the court of Nicaea, where the subsequent movement of the Palaiologean Renaissance was largely defined. |
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Development of sciences in the Empire of Trebizond |
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In the years of the Empire of the Grand Komnenoi (1204-1461), in Trebizond, the capital of the state, the interest in mathematical science was particularly increased. For nearly two and a half centuries Trebizond, situated along the route connecting Persia with Byzantium, imported new ideas from the East and helped their promotion to the West. |
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George Chrysokokkes, Introduction to the Syntaxis of the Persians |
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Astronomical work of George Chrysokokkes, written in 1347. It is the book that made Persian astronomy popular in the Byzantine Empire and then in the West. It became quite popular both in the period it was written and later, as indicated by its numerous manuscript copies preserved so far. |
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George Pachymeres, Quadrivium |
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An educational manual for the higher education entitled Quadrivium, arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy. It was written by George Pachymeres around 1310 and was widely diffused in Byzantium as well as in West. |
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Manuel Maximos / Planoudes, 'The So-Called Great Calculation According to the Indians' |
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Treatise on mathematics by Maximos Planoudes, written around 1300 with significant importance for the history of science in Byzantium. It introduced and for the first time made use of Arabic numerals. |
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Theodore Meliteniotes, Three Books on Astronomy (Tribiblos) |
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Three books on astronomy under the title Astronomical Tribiblos, written in the 14th century by Theodore Meliteniotes. The publication of the work has not been completed yet. It is a textbook based on the works on astronomy of Ptolemy and Theon of Alexandria, which incorporated elements of Arabian and Persian astronomy, thus aiming to compare the two traditions. |
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