Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
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Bargasa (Haydere/Kavakli)

Συγγραφή : Dawson Maria-Dimitra (19/6/2001)
Μετάφραση : Nakas Ioannis

Για παραπομπή: Dawson Maria-Dimitra , "Bargasa (Haydere/Kavakli)",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=12366>

Βάργασα (Haydere/Kavakli) (12/12/2008 v.1) Bargasa (Haydere/Kavakli) (4/8/2009 v.1) 
 

1. History

The city or the small town of Bargasa was located in Caria, in the valley of the river Arpasos (Ak Çay in Turkish), a southern affluent of Maeander. According to Stephanus Byzantius,1 the city of Bargasa of Caria took its name from the mythical hero Bargasos, son of Heracles and of the heroine Barge. Bargasa is first mentioned by Claudius Ptolemaeus, 2 amongst the cities of northern Caria, and more specifically it is placed between Neapolis and Amyzon. It is thus a location in the hinterland of Caria. Initially it was believed by scholars3 that Ptolemaeus refers to the homonymous city of Caria Bargasa or Pargasa, which Strabo4 located on the coasts of Caria. The reference of the place name Bargasa by two ancient authors in different geographical positions caused confusion and an obscurity in the literature until it was found that these are two different locations of Caria bearing the same name.5

Research for the identification of the city of Bargasa mentioned by Claudius Ptolemaeus was focused in the valley of the river Arpasos due to the discovery of inscriptions6 and coins in the area which bore the ethnic name type “Bargasenon”. The bronze coins of the city are exclusively dated to the imperial period, more specifically between the reign of Nero (54-68 AD) and of Gallienus (253-268 AD). The minting of coins in the years of Nero suggests that Bargasa assumed the regime of a city, for which, however, we have no information, whereas the iconographic types of the coins suggest a cult of Asclepios in the city.7

2. The issue of the identification of the ancient city

As a possible location for the identification of the city, the modern settlement of Haydere has been suggested, located 10 km to the north-east of the small town of Bozdοğan.8 Ruins of the Hellenistic and the Roman periods were found in this settlement, amongst which parts of the fortification wall of the acropolis were identified as well as the position of the city’s gymnasium.

According to another view Bargasa must be identified with the modern village of Kavakli, which is located near Orthosia, 8 km north of the small town of Bozdoğan.9 In the village of Kavakli pottery of the Bronze Age was found. Archaeological finds of historic times in this site testify the existence of a small town of minor importance until the years of August (31 BC-14 AD). The site of the Kavakli village has not been excavated. Nevertheless, the position of a citadel and probably of the city’s agora has been identified, where pottery of the Roman period (1st-4th century AD) has been found, whereas architectural remains of the Imperial period were located scattered in the area of the modern village.10

1. Stephanus Byzantius 158.10, see «Βάργασα».

2. Claudius Ptolemaeus, Geographia 5.2.19. Ptolemaeus mentions the city as Bargaza but this was considered to be an alteration of the city’s ancient name by the author, since the–asa ending is particularly common in the place names of Caria.

3. RE 5 (1897), column 14, see Bargasa ( L. Bürchner).

4. Strabo 14.2.15

5. Blümel, W., “Einheimische Ortsnamen in Karien”, Epigraphica Anatolica 30 (1998), p. 166; Zgusta, L., Kleinasiatische Ortsnamen (Heidelberg 1984), p.116.

6. Buresch, K., “Zur Lydischen Epigraphik und Geographie”, AM 19 (1894), p. 103.

7. For the coins of the city see BMC Caria and Islands p. xlii, 70; Head B.V., Historia Numorum (Oxford 1911), p. 612; Marchese, R. T., The Lower Maeander Flood Plain: A Regional Settlement Study, Part 1 (BAR 292, Oxford 1986), p. 267.

8. Robert, L. – Robert, J., La Carie II: Le Plateau de Tabai et ses Environs (Paris 1954), p. 273, 336 ; Robert, L., A travers l’Asie Mireure: Poètes et Prosateurs, Monnaies, Grecques voyageurs et Géographie (Bibliothèque des Écoles Francaises d’Athènes et de Rome 239, 1, Paris 1980), p.362-3752 ; PECS, p. 143, see Bargasa (G.E. Bean).

9. Marchese, R.T., The Lower Maeander Flood Plain: A Regional Settlement Study Part 1 (BAR 292, Oxford 1986), p. 68, 267, 310; Paton, W. R., “Sites in E. Karia and S. Lydia” JHS 20 (1900), p. 60-61.

10. Marchese, R.T., The Historical Archaeology of Northern Caria (BAR 536, Oxford 1989), p.149.

     
 
 
 
 
 

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