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dimogerontia
Communal authority consisting of the elected community officials, known as archontes (potentates), proestoi (notables), epitropoi (wardens), dimogerontes or simply gerontes (elders).
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firman
In the Ottoman Empire, an imperial edict or commission signed and sealed by the Sultan.
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kaymakam
An Ottoman official, governor of the administrative unit that succeeded the kaza in the late Ottoman period.
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kaymakamlık
Ottoman administrative unit that replaced the kaza during the late Ottoman Period, after the administrative reforms of 1864.
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kaza
The basic grade of the Ottoman provincial administration. It included the surrounding region of a city or a town. During the late Ottoman Period it is identified with the kaymakamlık.
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monitorial system
Teaching method developed by Joseph Lancaster, under which the older students (in Greek: “protoscholoi”) taught the smaller children some skill or activity.
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müfti
A specialist on the interpretation of the Islamic sacred law. He comments on matters of religious law by issuing fetvahs.
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muhtar
Elected communal official, head of a quarter or a village community.
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muhtarlık
Small administrative unit in the late Ottoman Empire, mostly a quarter or a village, that was under the jurisdiction of a muhtar.
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mutasarrıflık
A medium-sized Ottoman administrative unit that replaced the sancak during the Late Ottoman Period, after the administrative reforms of 1864.
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nahiye
A small administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire, subdivision of the kaza.
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sancak (liva)
Medium sized unit of provincial administration of the Ottoman state, throughout its history. A subdivision of the early Ottoman eyalet (or beylerbeylik) and the later Ottoman vilayet. In the late Ottoman Period it was known also as mutasarrıflık.
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vilayet (valilik)
The larger administrative unit in the Ottoman provincial administration system. The large provinces of the Ottoman Empire were previously called eyalet. The new regulation of 1864 introduced the vilayet as an equivalent of the French départment - albeit of smaller size. The governor of the vilayet was called vali and had extensive authority.
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